SCREENING OF DRY EYE DISEASE AMONG AGRICULTURE WORKERS AT A RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

  • Dr. Debabrata Das Associate Professor, Dept. of Ophthalmology, Midnapore Medical College, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
  • Dr. Sourav Santra Junior Resident, Dept. of Ophthalmology, Midnapore Medical College, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
Keywords: Dry eye disease, SPEED questionnaire, Schirmer’s test, tear film break-up time

Abstract

The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of dry eye disease and association of its various risk factors among agriculture workers attending outpatient ophthalmology department of a rural tertiary care hospital. This was a cross-sectional study of 1322 workers between 21 to 70 years of age presenting with various ocular problems from January 2016 to December 2016. Standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaire, Schirmer’s test and tear film break-up time (TFBUT) tests were used for diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED). Out of total 1322 workers, 789(59.68 %) were males and 533(40.32%) were female. The DED was diagnosed in 167 (12.63%) workers. The study population was divided into six groups according to their ages. The DED in 95(56.88%) workers of 61-70 years age were highest among the age groups. Male: female ratio was 2.27:1 among workers with dry eye. The commonest symptom was dryness grittiness or scratchiness. Low Schirmer’s test values (< 10 mm) were found in 132 (79.04%) workers and TFBUT value was less than 10 seconds in 141 (84.43%) workers. DED was present in 163(13.05%) workers among 1249 smokers, 158(13.75%) workers among 1149 with more than 4 hours sunlight exposure and 117 (14.74%) workers among 794 with history of frequent alcohol consumption. These factors were significantly associated with DED with p value <0.05. The prevalence of DED was found to be significantly associated with age, male gender, smoking, more sunlight exposures and alcohol consumption.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Management and Therapy of dry eye disease: report of the management and therapy subcommittee of the international dry eye workshop (2007) Ocul Surf 2007; 5:163-178
2. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007; 5:75-92
3. Stern ME, Beuerman RW, Fox RI, Gao J, Mircheff AK, P flugfelder SC. The pathology of dry eye: the interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands. Cornea 1998; 17:584-9
4. Stern ME, Gao J, Siemasko KF, Beuerman RW, P flugfelder SC. The role of the lacrimal functional unit in the pathophysiology of dry eye. Exp Eye Res 2004; 78:409-16
5. Chalmers RL, Begley CG, Edrington T, Caffery B, Nelson D, Snyder C. The agreement between self-assessment and clinician assessment of dry eye severity. Cornea 2005; 24; 804-810
6. Begley CG, Caffery B, Chalmers RL, Mitchell GL. Use of the dry eye questionnaire to measure symptoms of ocular irritation in patients with aqueous tear deficiency dry eye. Cornea 2002;21;664-70
7. Gayton JL. Etiology, prevalence, and treatment of dry eye disease. Clin Ophthalmol 2009; 3:405
8. Lee A, Lee J, Saw S, Gazzard G, Koh D, Widjaja D. Prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye symptoms; a population based study in Indonesia.Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1347-51
9. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Prevalence of and risk factors for dry eye syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118;1264-8
10.Li M, Gong L, Sun X, Chapin WJ. Anxiety and depression in patients with dry eye syndrome. Curr Eye Res.2011; 36:1-7
11 Le Q, Zhou X, Ge L, Wu L, Hong J, Xu J. Impact of dry eye syndrome on vision related quality of life in a nonclinic-based general population Ophthalmol 2012;12;22
12. Ranjan, R., Shukla, S.K., Singh, C.V., Mishra, B.N., Sinha, S. and Sharma, B.D. Prevalence of Dry Eye and Its Association with Various Risk Factors in Rural Setup of Western Uttar Pradesh in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016; 6:57-63.
13. Hikichi, T., Yoshida, A., Fukui, Y., Hamano, T., Ri, M., Araki, K. Prevalence of Dry Eye in Japanese Eye Centers. Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmol 1995:223: 555-558.
14. Farrell, J., Grierson, D.J., Patel, S. and Sturrock, R.D. A Classification for Dry Eyes Following Comparison of Tear Thinning Time with Schirmer Tear Test. Acta Ophthalmologica (Copenh) 1992; 70: 357-360.
15. Listed N. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop. Ocul Surf 2007; 5:75-92
16.Lemp A. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes. Eye Contact Lens 1995; 21:221-32
17. Schiffman RM, Christianson MD, Jacobsen G, Hirsch Dries BL. Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index. Arch Ophthalmol 2000 ;118 :615-621.
18. Chalmers RL, Begley CG, Caffery B. Validation of the 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5): Discrimination across self-assessed severity and aqueous tear deficient dry eye diagnoses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2010; 33:55-60.
19. McMonnies CW, Ho A. Patient history in screening for dry eye conditions. J Am Optom Assoc 1987; 58:296-301.
20. Ngo W, Situ P, Keir N, Korb D, Blackie C, Simpson T. Psychometric properties and validation of the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness questionnaire. Cornea 2013; 32:1204-1210.
21.Bhatnagar RR, Sapovadita A, Gupta D, Kumar P, Jasani H. Dry eye syndrome: A rising occupational hazard in tropical countries. Med J of Dr. D.Y Patil Univ
2014;7:13-18
22. Sahai A, Mlik P. Dry eye: and attributable risk factors in a hospital based population. Indian J Ophthalmol 2005; 53:87-91
23. Bhutia KL, Lomi N. A hospital-based study to estimate the proportion of dry eye cases among patients attending the Tertiary Care Hospital, Gangtok, Sikkim. Sudanese J Ophthalmol 20168.42-45
24. Azharchisti MA, Rao AT, Siddhartha PS. Screening for Dry Eye Disease in Out-Patient Presenting at a Tertiary Care Hospital –A Clinical Study. Ind J of Appl Research 2015;5;112
25. Ranjan R, Shukla SK, Singh CV, Mishra BN, Sinha S. Prevalence of Dry Eye and its Association with various risk factors in rural setup of Western Uttar Pradesh in a Tertiary care hospital. Pen Journal of Preventive Med 2016; 6:57-63
26. Versura P, Profazio V, Cellini M, Torreggiani A, CaramazzaR. Eye discomfort and air pollution. Ophthalmologica1999; 213:103-9.
27. Klopfer J. Effects of environmental air pollution on the eye. J Am Optom Assoc 1989; 60:773-8.
28. Novaes P, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, Kara-Jose N, MacchioneM, Matsuda M, Racca L, et al. Ambient levels of air pollution induce goblet-cell hyperplasia in human conjunctival epithelium. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:1753-6.
29. Gupta, S.K., Gupta, V., Joshi, S. and Tandon, R. Sub clinically Dry Eyes in Urban Delhi: An Impact of Air Pollution? Ophthalmologica 2002, 216, 368-371.
How to Cite
1.
Dr. Debabrata Das, Dr. Sourav Santra. SCREENING OF DRY EYE DISEASE AMONG AGRICULTURE WORKERS AT A RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL. Med. res. chronicles [Internet]. 2017Jun.30 [cited 2024Mar.29];4(03):266-74. Available from: https://medrech.com/index.php/medrech/article/view/240
Section
Original Research Article